An IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) is assigned to every device that are connected to computer network and uses Internet protocol for communication. There are different purposes of using IP addresses i.e Location identification and host or network address identification.
IPv4 and IPv6 are the versions used where IPv6 is having higher capacity as compared to IPv4. For more details on IPv4 and IPv6 refer the link - IPv4 vs IPv6 and their features.
IP Address Classes Categorization
IP Addresses are classified into 5 different categories namely Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E.Class A, B, C are mostly used.
Class D is basically reserved for Multicast groups.
Class E is reserved for Future use or Research and Development purposes.
127.x.x.x is reserved for loopback or local host.
Private IP Address Categories
The IANA (Internet Assigned number authority) reserve some IP addresses as private IP addresses-
These are the ranges of Private IP addresses comes under Class A, B and C as shown.
Reserved IP Addresses
These IP addresses are close to private IP address in the way that they are used for specific purposes.The Reserved IP address is 127.x.x.x which is used for loopback and is basically used for testing network adaptor or integrated chip. These IP addresses are not assigned as a public IP addresses.
There is another range of IP address that is 0.0.0.0 to 0.255.255.255 but it would not function properly.
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